Course

Music as Biology: What We Like to Hear and Why

Duke University

The course "Music as Biology: What We Like to Hear and Why" delves into the biological framework of music and auditory aesthetics. It explores the consonant and dissonant tone combinations, scales, and the emotions elicited by music across different cultures. Through in-depth analyses of speech and musical databases, it investigates the common biological strategies behind auditory perception and the evolution of musical tonalities.

The comprehensive exploration encompasses the organization of the human auditory system, the perception of sound stimuli and vocalization, defining music and exploring why we like it, musical scales, and the relationship between music, emotion, and cultural differences. Participants will gain insights into the relative similarity of musical tonalities, the characteristics of voiced speech, and the global preferences for musical scales. The course offers a rich understanding of the biological underpinnings of music and how it relates to human perception and emotion.

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Music as Biology: What We Like to Hear and Why
Course Modules

The course modules cover a wide range of topics, including the organization of the auditory system, the perception of sound stimuli, vocalization, defining music and exploring why we like it, musical scales, and the relationship between music, emotion, and cultural differences. Participants will gain insights into the biological underpinnings of music and how it relates to human perception and emotion.

Course Introduction

Welcome to Music as Biology, an introduction to the course content and objectives.

  • A Word About the Course
  • Music as Biology: In Your Own Words

Sound Signals, Sound Stimuli, and the Human Auditory System

This module delves into the organization of the human auditory system, including the distinction between sound signal and sound stimuli, auditory perception, and the harmonic series.

  • Sound Signals and Sound Stimuli
  • Distinction Between Sound Signal and Sound Stimuli
  • Harmonic Series
  • Auditory Perception

The Perception of Sound Stimuli

Here, participants will explore the perception of sound stimuli, including loudness and intensity, pitch and frequency, and the causes of timbre.

  • Loudness and Intensity
  • Pitch and Frequency
  • Timbre and its Causes
  • Observation and Linguistics

Vocalization and Vocal Tones

This module examines the production and perception of vocal sound signals, the relationship of vocalization to music, and the empirical terms for intensity and frequency.

  • The Production of Vocal Sound Signals
  • The Perception of Vocal Sound Signals
  • The Perception of Intensity (Loudness) in Empirical Terms
  • The Perception of Frequency (Pitch) in Empirical Terms

Defining Music and Exploring Why We Like It

Participants will explore the biological explanations for why we like music, including the chromatic scale, consonance and dissonance, tonality vs. atonality, and tension and resolution in music.

  • Defining Music
  • The Chromatic Scale and Some More Musical Terminology
  • Consonance and Dissonance
  • Tension and Resolution

Musical Scales

This module delves into musical scales, including their definition and modes, the limited number of scales used, and the biological explanation of scale preference.

  • Defining Scales and Modes
  • The Small Number of Scales Used
  • Testing a Biological Explanation of Scale Preference
  • Why Is the Number of Intervals in Scales So Limited?

Music, Emotion, and Cultural Differences

Exploring the relationship between music, emotion, and cultural differences, this module covers the elicitation of emotions by major vs. minor scales, expression of emotion in Eastern and Western music, and cultural differences in music.

  • Introduction to Emotion
  • Emotions Elicited by Major versus Minor Scales
  • Expression of Emotion in Eastern and Western Music
  • Language, Speech, and Cultural Differences in Music

Additional Resources

This module provides additional resources related to music theory, including analyses of various musical pieces, harmonic and melodic minor scales, and glossaries and bibliographies for further study.

  • Mozart: Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
  • Derivations of the Harmonic and Melodic Minor Scales
  • Cadences
  • Glossary A-O
  • Glossary P-W
  • Bibliography
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