Linear Algebra

The Geometry of Linear Equations
Gilbert Strang

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This module introduces the geometric interpretation of linear equations, providing foundational insights into how these equations represent lines, planes, and higher-dimensional spaces. Understanding geometric perspectives aids in visualizing solutions and the relationships between variables.
Elimination with Matrices
Gilbert Strang

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This module covers the elimination method using matrices, a systematic approach to solving systems of linear equations. Students will learn to transform matrices into row echelon form, facilitating easier computation of solutions.
Multiplication and Inverse Matrices
Gilbert Strang

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This module introduces multiplication and inverse matrices, essential concepts for solving systems of equations. Students will learn how to compute products of matrices and determine the conditions under which an inverse exists.
Factorization into A = LU
Gilbert Strang

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This module discusses matrix factorization into the form A = LU, where A is decomposed into a lower triangular matrix (L) and an upper triangular matrix (U). This factorization is vital for simplifying the process of solving linear systems.
Transposes, Permutations, Spaces R^n
Gilbert Strang

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This module focuses on transposes, permutations, and the properties of R^n spaces. Students will explore how transposing a matrix affects its properties and discover the significance of permutations in matrix operations.
Column Space and Nullspace
Gilbert Strang

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This module examines column space and nullspace concepts, focusing on their definitions and significance in understanding solutions to linear systems. Students will learn how to determine the dimensions and bases of these spaces.
Solving Ax = 0: Pivot Variables, Special Solutions
Gilbert Strang

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This module covers solving the equation Ax = 0, focusing on pivot variables and special solutions. Students will learn to identify free and basic variables, essential for understanding the structure of solutions to homogeneous systems.
Solving Ax = b: Row Reduced Form R
Gilbert Strang

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This module addresses solving Ax = b using row-reduced form R. Students will learn techniques to simplify matrices to their reduced forms, making it easier to find solutions for various linear systems.
Independence, Basis, and Dimension
Gilbert Strang

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This module delves into independence, basis, and dimension concepts in vector spaces. Students will learn how to determine linear independence and establish bases for vector spaces, leading to a deeper understanding of their structure.
The Four Fundamental Subspaces
Gilbert Strang

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This module introduces the Four Fundamental Subspaces associated with a matrix, providing insights into their properties and interrelations. Understanding these subspaces is essential for solving linear equations and comprehending matrix behavior.
Matrix Spaces; Rank 1; Small World Graphs
Gilbert Strang

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This module examines matrix spaces, including rank 1 matrices and their applications in small world graphs. Students will learn about the significance of rank in matrix operations and how it relates to graph theory.
Graphs, Networks, Incidence Matrices
Gilbert Strang

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This module covers graphs, networks, and incidence matrices, focusing on their applications in representing relationships and flows within networks. Students will understand how to construct and analyze incidence matrices for various network types.
Quiz 1 Review
Gilbert Strang

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This module is dedicated to a review of Quiz 1, providing students with an opportunity to revisit key concepts learned so far. It ensures that students are well-prepared for upcoming assessments.
Orthogonal Vectors and Subspaces
Gilbert Strang

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This module focuses on orthogonal vectors and subspaces, examining their properties and significance in linear algebra. Students will learn how orthogonality aids in simplifying computations and understanding vector relationships.
Projections onto Subspaces
Gilbert Strang

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This module covers projections onto subspaces, exploring how to project vectors onto different subspaces. Students will learn the geometric interpretation and algebraic methods of performing projections, crucial for many applications in analysis.
Projection Matrices and Least Squares
Gilbert Strang

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This module discusses projection matrices and least squares, focusing on their applications in data fitting and approximation. Students will learn how to derive least squares solutions from linear systems, enhancing their problem-solving skills.
Orthogonal Matrices and Gram-Schmidt
Gilbert Strang

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This module examines orthogonal matrices and the Gram-Schmidt process, teaching students how to orthogonalize a set of vectors. Understanding these concepts is crucial for solving systems efficiently and maintaining numerical stability.
Properties of Determinants
Gilbert Strang

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This module explores properties of determinants, including rules and applications. Students will learn how to calculate determinants, understand their geometric interpretation, and apply them in solving linear systems.
Determinant Formulas and Cofactors
Gilbert Strang

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This module covers determinant formulas and cofactors, teaching students how to compute determinants using various techniques. Understanding cofactors is essential for matrix inversion and solving systems of equations effectively.
Cramer's Rule, Inverse Matrix, and Volume
Gilbert Strang

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This module introduces Cramer's Rule, inverse matrices, and their applications in calculating volumes. Students will learn how these concepts are connected and how to apply them effectively in various mathematical problems.
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Gilbert Strang

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This module provides an introduction to eigenvalues and eigenvectors, key concepts in linear algebra. Students will learn how to calculate these values and understand their significance in matrix transformations and systems dynamics.
Diagonalization and Powers of A
Gilbert Strang

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This module discusses diagonalization and powers of matrices, teaching students how to diagonalize matrices for simplification in computations, especially for raising matrices to powers efficiently.
Differential Equations and exp(At)
Gilbert Strang

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This module explores differential equations and the matrix exponential exp(At), highlighting their importance in solving systems of differential equations and understanding their dynamics over time.
Markov Matrices; Fourier Series
Gilbert Strang

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This module introduces Markov matrices and Fourier series, focusing on their applications in probability theory and signal processing. Students will learn how these concepts are used to model stochastic processes and analyze signals.
Quiz 2 Review
Gilbert Strang

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This module is dedicated to a review of Quiz 2, reinforcing concepts learned in previous modules. It provides an opportunity for students to clarify doubts and solidify their understanding of linear algebra topics.
Symmetric Matrices and Positive Definiteness
Gilbert Strang

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This module covers symmetric matrices and positive definiteness, focusing on their properties and applications in optimization and systems stability. Students will learn to identify and work with these matrices effectively.
Complex Matrices; Fast Fourier Transform
Gilbert Strang

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This module introduces complex matrices and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), emphasizing their importance in signal processing. Students will learn how to manipulate complex matrices and apply FFT techniques in various applications.
Positive Definite Matrices and Minima
Gilbert Strang

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This module discusses positive definite matrices and their role in optimization problems. Students will learn how to identify these matrices and utilize their properties in finding minima of quadratic forms.
Similar Matrices and Jordan Form
Gilbert Strang

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This module introduces similar matrices and Jordan form, providing insights into matrix transformations and their implications. Students will learn how to determine similarity and its significance in simplifying matrix computations.
Singular Value Decomposition
Gilbert Strang

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This module covers singular value decomposition (SVD), an essential technique in linear algebra for dimensionality reduction and data compression. Students will learn how to apply SVD in various contexts, enhancing their analytical skills.
Linear Transformations and Their Matrices
Gilbert Strang

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This module discusses linear transformations and their associated matrices, emphasizing their roles in representing mathematical operations. Students will explore how to construct transformation matrices and understand their effects on geometric objects.
Change of Basis; Image Compression
Gilbert Strang

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This module addresses change of basis and its applications in image compression. Students will learn how to change coordinate systems effectively, which is fundamental in various fields, including computer graphics and data analysis.
Quiz 3 Review
Gilbert Strang

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This module is dedicated to a review of Quiz 3, allowing students to revisit key concepts and clarify any misunderstandings. It serves as a valuable opportunity for consolidation of knowledge before assessments.
Left and Right Inverses; Pseudoinverse
Gilbert Strang

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This module concludes the course with a focus on left and right inverses, as well as the pseudoinverse. Students will learn how to compute these inverses and their importance in solving systems and least squares problems.
Final Course Review
Gilbert Strang

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This final module offers a comprehensive review of the course material, reinforcing key concepts in linear algebra. It provides students with the opportunity to prepare for final assessments and solidify their understanding.

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Course Lectures