Course

Introduction to Psychology

Yale University

This course offers a comprehensive introduction to psychology, delving into the scientific study of thought and behavior. Throughout the course, students will explore:

  • The nature of dreams and their meanings.
  • Differences in sexual desires between men and women.
  • The ability of apes to learn sign language.
  • Why we cannot tickle ourselves.

Covering a wide array of topics such as:

  • Perception
  • Communication
  • Learning and Memory
  • Decision-Making
  • Religion and Persuasion
  • Love and Lust
  • Hunger, Art, Fiction, and Dreams

The course will also examine psychological development in children, individual differences, neurophysiology of the brain, and psychological disorders.

Course Lectures
  • This module introduces students to psychology as a field of study, highlighting its comprehensive nature. Professor Paul Bloom lays the groundwork by discussing key branches, including:

    • Neuroscience: Examination of the brain's role in mental processes.
    • Developmental Psychology: Understanding growth and learning throughout life.
    • Cognitive Psychology: Analyzing mental processes through a computational lens.
    • Social Psychology: Exploring human interaction and relationships.
    • Clinical Psychology: Focus on mental health and disorders.

    This foundational understanding sets the stage for deeper exploration of psychological concepts in subsequent modules.

  • This lecture contrasts two major theories about the connection between mind and body: Dualism and Materialism. Dualism suggests the mind is separate from the body, while Materialism posits that mental states arise from physical brain states. Professor Bloom discusses:

    • The historical context and arguments supporting Materialism as the dominant theory in psychology.
    • A basic overview of brain neurophysiology, focusing on how it relates to our mental activities.

    Understanding these theories is crucial for grasping the complexity of human consciousness and behavior.

  • Sigmund Freud
    Paul Bloom

    This module delves into the influential theories of Sigmund Freud, providing a brief biography along with an exploration of his contributions to psychology. Key topics include:

    • Freud's theories of psychoanalysis
    • The concept of the unconscious mind
    • Limitations and critiques of Freud's theories

    Despite its limitations, Freud's work still resonates in contemporary psychology, influencing current understanding of the unconscious processes that govern behavior.

  • In this lecture, Professor Bloom explores the fundamentals of Behaviorism, emphasizing B.F. Skinner's significant contributions. Topics covered include:

    • The value and evolutionary basis of unconscious processing.
    • Different types of learning and their implications.
    • Reasons for the decline of behaviorism as a comprehensive theory of mental life.

    This module provides insights into behaviorism's historical significance and its relevance in understanding human behavior.

  • This module examines cognitive development in children, beginning with the influential theories of Jean Piaget. The lecture covers:

    • Piaget's studies on how children learn about the world.
    • Modern scientific approaches to infant cognition.
    • The relationship between different types of cognitive development.

    Understanding cognitive development is vital for grasping how thought processes evolve from infancy through childhood.

  • This lecture introduces the complex world of language, highlighting its unique role in human experience. Key topics include:

    • Major components of language: phonology, morphology, syntax, and recursion.
    • Theories of language acquisition.
    • Arguments supporting the specialization of language in the brain.
    • Commonalities in language across different cultures.

    This exploration helps students appreciate how language is wired in the brain and its critical role in communication.

  • This module continues the discussion on language and introduces essential concepts in perception, attention, and memory. Key areas explored include:

    • Communication systems in non-human animals.
    • The relationship between language and thought.
    • Major theories and findings in perception and attention.
    • Understanding visual illusions and cognitive limitations.

    Students will gain insights into how we process sensory information and the intricacies of memory.

  • In this lecture, Professor Bloom further explores memory, discussing research findings on various memory types and their limitations. Students will learn about:

    • Different types of memory and their functions.
    • Strategies to enhance memory recall.
    • Memory disorders and their implications.
    • The social implications of memory research, including recovered memories and eyewitness testimony.

    Understanding memory is crucial for grasping how we retain and recall information in our daily lives.

  • This guest lecture by Professor Peter Salovey introduces dominant psychological theories of love and attraction. Key topics include:

    • Different types of love and their characteristics.
    • Factors predicting attraction.
    • Common misconceptions about love and arousal.

    Salovey's insights provide a valuable perspective on the complexities of human relationships and emotional connections.

  • This module examines psychology through an evolutionary lens, discussing how natural selection shapes human behavior and thought. Key topics include:

    • Arguments supporting and opposing evolutionary psychology.
    • The impact of natural selection on mental phenomena.
    • Examples of evolutionary influences on basic human instincts and decisions.

    Students will gain a deeper understanding of how our evolutionary history informs psychological theories.

  • This class introduces the evolutionary analysis of human emotions, focusing on their functions and significance. Key topics include:

    • Understanding happiness and its expression.
    • The role of fear in human survival.
    • Emotional responses towards family and relatives.

    Students will learn how emotions evolved as mechanisms for social interaction and survival.

  • This module continues the exploration of emotions as evolutionary adaptations. Topics covered include:

    • Love between parents and offspring.
    • The role of gratitude in cooperative behavior.
    • Spite towards cheaters and its social implications.
    • Cultural differences in experiences of revenge.

    Understanding these emotional responses helps in comprehending human interaction and social dynamics.

  • This lecture addresses the question of individual differences in personality and intelligence. Key topics include:

    • Theories and research on personality traits.
    • Measurement techniques for assessing personality and intelligence.
    • The influence of genetics, environment, and parental factors on individual differences.

    Students will gain insights into why people vary and how these traits shape their behaviors and decisions.

  • This module reviews evolutionary theories concerning sex and gender differences. Topics discussed include:

    • Psychological explanations for differences in mate attraction.
    • Desires and preferences in romantic partners.
    • The complexities of sexual orientation.

    Students will learn how psychology sheds light on the evolutionary aspects of human sexuality.

  • This module introduces psychological theories of morality, addressing critical questions about human moral behavior. Topics include:

    • Identifying which emotions are considered moral.
    • The evolution of moral feelings in humans.
    • Factors influencing moral judgments and behavior.
    • Situations where good people may act immorally.

    Understanding morality from a psychological perspective is essential for comprehending social interactions and ethical considerations.

  • This module marks the beginning of the exploration of social psychology. Key topics include:

    • The concept of social connectedness and "six degrees of separation."
    • Important biases affecting self-perception and perceptions of others.

    Understanding these concepts is crucial for recognizing how social factors shape our thoughts and behaviors.

  • This lecture continues the examination of social psychology, focusing on impression formation. Key topics include:

    • Factors that influence our impressions of others.
    • The role of stereotypes in social perception.
    • Insights into sleep, dreams, and laughter as psychological phenomena.

    Students will explore the complexities of human interaction and the psychological underpinnings of laughter and dreams.

  • This module introduces students to clinical psychology, specifically how mental disorders are identified and treated. Key topics include:

    • Understanding mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder.
    • Current diagnostic criteria and treatment practices in clinical psychology.

    Professor Nolen-Hoeksema provides insights into the complexities of mental health and the importance of effective treatment methods.

  • This module continues the study of psychopathology, with a focus on various class diagnoses. Topics include:

    • Different definitions of mental illness.
    • Classes of clinical diagnoses, including anxiety and personality disorders.
    • An introduction to therapeutic practices.

    Understanding these aspects is essential for recognizing and addressing mental health issues effectively.

  • The final lecture discusses the efficacy of therapy and the fascinating field of positive psychology. Topics include:

    • Evaluating the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions.
    • What makes people happy and how happiness varies across cultures.
    • Current research on happiness and common misconceptions.

    Students will gain insights into the psychological foundations of happiness and how to enhance well-being.