Course

Roman Architecture

Yale University

This course serves as an introduction to the remarkable architecture and engineering achievements of ancient Rome and its vast empire. Key components of the course include:

  • An emphasis on urban planning and individual monuments.
  • A survey of significant architectural sites across regions such as North Italy, Sicily, France, Spain, Germany, Greece, Turkey, Croatia, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, and North Africa.
  • Illustrative lectures featuring over 1,500 images from Professor Kleiner's personal collection.

Students will engage with topics ranging from early stone construction to the masterpieces of Roman concrete architecture, culminating in a deep understanding of how Roman designs influenced later architectural practices.

Course Lectures
  • Introduction to Roman Architecture

    This module introduces the variety of Roman buildings, linking them with Roman urbanism. It covers early stone construction and highlights masterpieces like the Colosseum and Pantheon, exploring cities across the empire.

  • The Founding of Rome and the Beginnings of Urbanism in Italy

    This module traces the evolution of Roman architecture from the Iron Age to the late Republican period, featuring traditional temple architecture and city planning in early Roman colonies like Cosa and Ostia.

  • Technology and Revolution in Roman Architecture

    In this module, the focus is on the revolutionary use of concrete in Roman architecture, highlighting its practical and expressive potential, culminating with the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia at Palestrina.

  • Civic, Commercial and Religious Buildings of Pompeii

    This module examines the diverse civic, commercial, and religious architecture of Pompeii, preserved due to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, including public structures and daily life establishments.

  • Houses and Villas of Pompeii
    Houses and Villas of Pompeii
    Diana E E Kleiner

    Focusing on domestic architecture in Pompeii, this module covers the ideal layout of Roman homes, highlighting the House of the Faun and the Villa of the Mysteries, detailing their architectural features.

  • Habitats at Herculaneum and Early Roman Interior Decoration

    This module analyzes the domestic architecture of Herculaneum, discussing the First and Second Styles of Roman wall painting and showcasing notable houses in the city.

  • Painting Palaces and Villas in the First Century A.D.

    This module discusses the Third and Fourth Styles of Roman wall painting found in villas of the first century A.D., emphasizing the innovations and artistic transitions in decoration.

  • Exploring Special Subjects on Pompeian Walls

    Examining special subjects in Roman wall painting, this module tackles mythological themes, landscapes, and portraiture found in Pompeii, showcasing the diversity of artistic expression.

  • Augustus Assembles Rome
    Augustus Assembles Rome
    Diana E E Kleiner

    This module delves into Augustus' urban transformation of Rome, discussing prominent structures like the Forum of Julius Caesar and the Ara Pacis Augustae, symbolizing his reign and achievements.

  • Roman Tombs
    Roman Tombs
    Diana E E Kleiner

    Focusing on the architecture of Roman tombs during Augustus' reign, this module explores various sepulchral designs, including the Mausoleum of Augustus and notable funerary structures.

  • Nero and His Architectural Legacy

    This module highlights Nero's architectural legacy, focusing on his luxurious Domus Aurea and the innovations it introduced to Roman architecture, emphasizing the transition to dematerialized structures.

  • The Colosseum and Contemporary Architecture in Rome

    This module discusses Vespasian’s construction of the Colosseum and its significance, along with other Flavian architectural projects that shaped public policy and Roman entertainment.

  • Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill

    Focusing on Domitian's architectural commissions, this module examines the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill, the Arch of Titus, and the Stadium of Domitian, showcasing their grandeur and significance.

  • Civic Architecture in Rome under Trajan

    This module analyzes Trajan's major architectural projects, including his Forum and Markets, emphasizing their ambition and the dramatic innovations in urban design during his reign.

  • Hadrian's Pantheon and Tivoli Retreat

    Highlighting Hadrian's architectural contributions, this module focuses on the Pantheon and Villa of Hadrian, exploring their innovative designs and cultural significance in Roman architecture.

  • Roman Life in Ostia, the Port of Rome

    This module investigates Ostia's architecture, examining its public buildings and residential structures, showcasing the aesthetic and functional aspects of Roman urban living.

  • The Baths of Caracalla
    The Baths of Caracalla
    Diana E E Kleiner

    In this module, the focus is on architecture in the second and third centuries A.D., featuring monumental structures like the Baths of Caracalla and their significance in Roman society.

  • Roman North Africa: Timgad and Leptis Magna

    Professor Kleiner discusses two Roman cities in North Africa, Timgad and Leptis Magna, exploring their architectural developments and the influence of Roman design in these regions.

  • Baroque Phenomenon in Roman Architecture

    This module discusses the baroque phenomenon in Roman architecture, examining how traditional designs were innovatively manipulated to create dynamic and ornamental building facades.

  • The Rebirth of Athens
    The Rebirth of Athens
    Diana E E Kleiner

    Focusing on the rebirth of Athens under Roman influence, this module discusses significant structures erected during the reigns of Augustus and Hadrian, demonstrating the creative exchange of architectural ideas.

  • Architecture of the Western Roman Empire

    This module examines the architecture across the western provinces of the Roman Empire, focusing on how Romanization transformed local towns into miniature versions of Rome with distinctive building types.

  • The Tetrarchic Renaissance
    The Tetrarchic Renaissance
    Diana E E Kleiner

    Professor Kleiner discusses the Tetrarchic Renaissance, highlighting major architectural commissions during Diocletian's reign and the stability it brought to Rome and its provinces through building campaigns.

  • Rome of Constantine and a New Rome

    This module presents the architecture of Constantine the Great, discussing his influence on both pagan and Christian structures and the establishment of Constantinople as the "New Rome."

  • Discovering the Roman Provinces and Designing a Roman City

    Professor Kleiner presents options for the term paper, guiding students on topics related to Roman cities and monuments not covered in the course, or designing a hypothetical Roman city.