The VC Dimension - A measure of what it takes a model to learn. Relationship to the number of parameters and degrees of freedom.
The Learning Problem - Introduction; supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Components of the learning problem.
Error and Noise - The principled choice of error measures. What happens when the target we want to learn is noisy.
Training versus Testing - The difference between training and testing in mathematical terms. What makes a learning model able to generalize?
Theory of Generalization - How an infinite model can learn from a finite sample. The most important theoretical result in machine learning.
The VC Dimension - A measure of what it takes a model to learn. Relationship to the number of parameters and degrees of freedom.
Bias-Variance Tradeoff - Breaking down the learning performance into competing quantities. The learning curves.
The Linear Model II - More about linear models. Logistic regression, maximum likelihood, and gradient descent.
Neural Networks - A biologically inspired model. The efficient backpropagation learning algorithm. Hidden layers.
Overfitting - Fitting the data too well; fitting the noise. Deterministic noise versus stochastic noise.
Regularization - Putting the brakes on fitting the noise. Hard and soft constraints. Augmented error and weight decay.
Validation - Taking a peek out of sample. Model selection and data contamination. Cross validation.
Support Vector Machines - One of the most successful learning algorithms; getting a complex model at the price of a simple one.
Kernel Methods - Extending SVM to infinite-dimensional spaces using the kernel trick, and to non-separable data using soft margins.
Radial Basis Functions - An important learning model that connects several machine learning models and techniques.
Three Learning Principles - Major pitfalls for machine learning practitioners; Occam's razor, sampling bias, and data snooping.