This module focuses on the co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications of pre-messenger RNA, highlighting the processes that RNA Pol II undertakes to modify mRNA before it becomes functional.
This module covers the essential aspects of eukaryotic RNA polymerases and basal transcription factors, which are crucial for initiating transcription in eukaryotic cells. Understanding these components provides insights into the fundamental processes of gene expression regulation.
This module focuses on the diversity in core promoter elements that play a vital role in the initiation of transcription. Understanding these elements is essential for grasping how gene expression is regulated in eukaryotes.
In this module, learners will examine the diversity of general transcription factors that are necessary for the transcription process. These factors interact with RNA polymerases to regulate gene expression effectively.
This module highlights proximal and distal promoter elements, enhancers, silencers, and gene-specific regulators, discussing how these elements collaborate to control gene transcription in eukaryotic cells.
This module delves into the structure of transcription factors, focusing on their DNA binding domains. Understanding these domains is crucial for comprehending how transcription factors recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences during gene regulation.
In this module, learners will investigate transcription factors' transcription activation domains, which are vital for the activation of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription, thereby influencing gene expression levels.
This module discusses the role of chromatin in eukaryotic gene regulation. It covers how chromatin structure impacts transcription and the accessibility of DNA to transcription machinery.
This module focuses on histones and their crucial role in eukaryotic gene regulation. Students will learn how histone modifications can affect gene expression and the overall chromatin landscape.
This module explores DNA methylation and its role in eukaryotic gene regulation. Understanding how methylation affects gene expression is vital for grasping epigenetic control mechanisms.
This module discusses chromatin remodeling and its importance in gene regulation. It examines how chromatin structure changes can enhance or inhibit transcription, influencing gene expression.
This module focuses on the co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications of pre-messenger RNA, highlighting the processes that RNA Pol II undertakes to modify mRNA before it becomes functional.
This module continues the exploration of co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications, specifically focusing on the role of RNA Pol II in mRNA capping and splicing, essential for mature mRNA formation.
This module discusses the regulation of RNA Pol I transcription, exploring the mechanisms that control the transcription of ribosomal RNA, a crucial component of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis.
This module covers the regulation of tRNA and 5S rRNA synthesis by RNA Polymerase III, emphasizing the importance of these molecules in protein synthesis and overall cell function.
This module introduces signal transduction pathways, discussing their fundamental role in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, influencing gene expression in response to extracellular signals.
This module focuses on the regulation of gene expression by cyclic AMP (cAMP), discussing its role as a second messenger in various signaling pathways and how it influences transcriptional regulation.
This module examines the regulation of gene expression by second messengers other than cAMP, highlighting their diverse roles in various signaling pathways and their impact on transcriptional control.
This module discusses the regulation of gene expression by Protein Kinase C (PKC), exploring its role in various signaling pathways and how it modulates transcriptional activity.
This module focuses on the regulation of gene expression by growth factors, examining their role in cellular signaling and how they influence gene transcription during cellular processes.
This module covers the regulation of gene expression by cytokines, focusing on their role in immune responses and how they modulate transcriptional activity in various cell types.
This module explores the regulation of gene expression by steroid hormones, investigating how these hormones influence transcriptional activity and gene regulation through their receptors.
This module focuses on the regulation of gene expression by type II nuclear receptors, discussing their role in hormone signaling and transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells.
This module discusses the mechanism of transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors, emphasizing how these proteins facilitate gene expression through their interaction with DNA and transcription factors.
This module examines gene regulation during Drosophila development, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that control gene expression throughout various developmental stages in this model organism.
This module focuses on signal transduction pathways involved in embryonic development, exploring how these pathways regulate gene expression during critical stages of development.
This module discusses homeotic genes and their critical role in developmental processes, focusing on how these genes control the identity of body segments in eukaryotic organisms.
This module explores the epigenetic regulation of gene expression during development, discussing how epigenetic modifications can influence gene activity and contribute to developmental processes.
This module examines embryonic stem cells and their potential for transcription factor-mediated epigenetic reprogramming, emphasizing their significance in developmental biology and regenerative medicine.
This module introduces cloning and expression vectors, discussing their importance in molecular biology for gene cloning and protein expression in eukaryotic systems.
This module covers various eukaryotic protein expression systems, discussing their applications in producing recombinant proteins and the advantages of different systems in biotechnology.
This module delves into additional eukaryotic protein expression systems, highlighting their unique features and how they contribute to the production of complex proteins.
This module examines gene expression in mammalian cells using viral vectors, discussing the advantages of using these vectors for gene delivery and protein expression in research and therapeutic applications.
This module discusses human gene therapy, exploring the methods used to correct genetic disorders and the potential impact of gene therapy on medicine and healthcare.
This module covers DNA vaccines, discussing their design, mechanism of action, and the role they play in modern vaccination strategies against infectious diseases.
This module examines transgenic animals, discussing the methods used to create them and their applications in research, agriculture, and medicine.
This module covers transgenic plants, exploring the techniques used to create them and their significance in agriculture and food production.
This module discusses knockout mice, examining the methods used to create them and their applications in studying gene function and disease mechanisms.
This module explores the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression by small RNAs, particularly focusing on RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms and their applications in gene silencing and regulation.
This module discusses genomics and proteomics, examining how these fields contribute to our understanding of gene expression regulation and the functional roles of proteins in eukaryotic systems.
This module focuses on metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, discussing how these fields leverage knowledge of gene regulation to design and construct biological systems with novel functions.