Lecture

Lecture - 26 Reasoning with Uncertainty - I

This module delves into reasoning with uncertainty, a crucial aspect of artificial intelligence. Key topics include:

  • The nature of uncertainty in AI.
  • Bayesian reasoning and its applications.
  • Techniques for modeling uncertain knowledge.
  • Case studies demonstrating uncertainty handling.

Students will learn to apply these techniques to real-world problems, enhancing their analytic capabilities in uncertain environments.


Course Lectures
  • Lecture - 1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces the fundamental concepts of Artificial Intelligence (AI), discussing its history, significance, and applications in various fields. Students will learn about the definition of AI, the various types of intelligent agents, and how they interact with their environments. Key topics include:

    • The evolution of AI and its impact on technology.
    • Different types of intelligent agents: simple reflex agents, model-based agents, goal-based agents, and utility-based agents.
    • Understanding the environment in which agents operate.

    By the end of this module, students will have a solid foundation in the principles of AI and the role of intelligent agents in solving complex problems.

  • Lecture - 2 Intelligent Agents
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    In this module, students will explore the concept of intelligent agents in-depth. The focus will be on how these agents perceive their environment, make decisions, and take actions to achieve their goals. Key areas to be covered include:

    • Characteristics of intelligent agents.
    • Architecture of intelligent agents: reactive, deliberative, and hybrid models.
    • Examples of intelligent agents in real-world applications, such as robotics and automated systems.

    Students will engage in discussions and case studies to understand the practical implementations of intelligent agents.

  • Lecture - 3 State Space Search
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module focuses on state space search, a fundamental concept in AI problem-solving. Students will learn how to represent problems in terms of state spaces and explore various search algorithms to find solutions. Topics include:

    • The definition of state space and its components.
    • Different types of search strategies: blind search, heuristic search.
    • Applications of state space search in AI and computer science.

    Hands-on exercises will allow students to practice implementing search algorithms on sample problems.

  • Lecture - 4 Uninformed Search
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces uninformed search strategies, which do not have additional information about the goal state. Students will explore various uninformed search algorithms, including:

    • Depth-first search (DFS)
    • Breadth-first search (BFS)
    • Uniform cost search

    Students will learn the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm, their time and space complexities, and when to apply them in practical scenarios.

  • Lecture - 5 Informed Search
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module covers informed search strategies that utilize heuristic information to improve search efficiency. Students will learn about:

    • Heuristic functions and their role in search algorithms.
    • Best-first search and A* search algorithms.
    • How to design effective heuristics for various problems.

    Through examples and exercises, students will practice implementing informed search algorithms and analyze their performance.

  • Lecture - 6 Informed Search - 2
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module continues the exploration of informed search strategies, delving deeper into advanced techniques and their applications. Students will learn about:

    • Iterative deepening search.
    • Bidirectional search and its advantages.
    • Real-world applications of informed search algorithms.

    Students will engage in practical exercises to apply these advanced strategies to solve complex problems efficiently.

  • Lecture - 7 Two Players Games - I
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module covers the fundamentals of game playing in AI, focusing on two-player games. Students will learn about:

    • The minimax algorithm and its application in game theory.
    • Alpha-beta pruning to optimize the minimax algorithm.
    • Strategies for developing intelligent game-playing agents.

    Through examples and simulation exercises, students will understand how these algorithms help in creating competitive AI agents.

  • Lecture - 8 Two Players Games - II
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module continues the study of two-player games, building on the concepts introduced in the previous module. Key topics include:

    • Advanced game strategies and tactics.
    • Handling uncertainty in games.
    • Implementing AI agents for complex games like chess and checkers.

    Students will actively participate in coding exercises to create and evaluate their game-playing agents.

  • Lecture - 9 Constraint Satisfaction Problems - 1
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) and their significance in AI. Students will learn the following:

    • The definition and characteristics of CSPs.
    • Techniques for solving CSPs, including backtracking and constraint propagation.
    • Applications of CSPs in scheduling, resource allocation, and more.

    Students will engage in practical exercises to model and solve various CSPs, enhancing their problem-solving skills.

  • Lecture - 10 Constraint Satisfaction Problems 2
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module continues the exploration of constraint satisfaction problems with a focus on advanced techniques. Key topics include:

    • Graph-based representations of CSPs.
    • Propagation algorithms for efficient CSP solving.
    • Real-world applications and case studies of CSPs.

    Students will work on case studies to understand the practical implications of CSPs in solving complex problems.

  • Lecture - 11 Knowledge Representation and Logic
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces knowledge representation and reasoning, which are crucial in AI. Students will explore:

    • The role of knowledge representation in AI systems.
    • Different methods for representing knowledge: semantic networks, frames, and ontologies.
    • Logical reasoning and inference mechanisms.

    Students will participate in hands-on exercises to practice knowledge representation in various contexts.

  • Lecture - 12 Interface in Propositional Logic
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module focuses on propositional logic and its application in AI. Students will learn about:

    • Fundamentals of propositional logic and its syntax.
    • Techniques for constructing and interpreting logical expressions.
    • Applications of propositional logic in knowledge representation and reasoning.

    By engaging in practical exercises, students will enhance their understanding of how propositional logic can be applied in real-world AI scenarios.

  • Lecture - 13 First Order Logic
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module delves into the foundational concepts of First Order Logic (FOL), which provides a framework for describing various entities and their relationships within a domain. Learners will explore the syntax and semantics of FOL, gaining insights into how it extends propositional logic by introducing quantifiers and predicate symbols. Through practical examples, students will learn to formalize statements about objects, their properties, and relationships. This module will also address the limitations of FOL and how it can be used to model real-world scenarios. By the end of this module, students will have a solid understanding of how to utilize FOL in building complex logical representations.

  • Lecture - 14 Reasoning Using First Order Logic
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module focuses on reasoning techniques using First Order Logic (FOL). Students will learn about different methods to derive conclusions from a set of premises in FOL. The module will cover topics such as logical entailment, unification, and substitution. Through hands-on exercises, learners will practice transforming logical statements and applying inference rules to solve logical problems. Additionally, the module will discuss the challenges involved in reasoning with FOL and ways to overcome them, providing a comprehensive understanding of how FOL can be applied to intelligent systems.

  • Lecture - 15 Resolution in FOPL
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces the concept of resolution in First Order Predicate Logic (FOPL), a powerful technique for automated theorem proving. Students will learn the resolution principle and how it is applied to derive contradictions in logical statements, leading to proof by contradiction. The course will cover the conversion of FOL sentences to clausal form and the role of unification in the resolution process. Through practical exercises, learners will gain experience in implementing resolution-based proof systems and understanding their applications in various domains of artificial intelligence.

  • Lecture - 16 Rule Based System
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module explores rule-based systems, a fundamental aspect of knowledge representation in AI. Students will learn how to construct and utilize rule-based systems to infer new information from existing knowledge. Topics will include the architecture of rule-based systems, forward and backward chaining, and the implementation of production rules. Through examples and exercises, learners will understand how rule-based systems are used in applications like expert systems and decision-making processes, emphasizing their advantages and limitations in different contexts.

  • Lecture - 17 Rule Based Systems II
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This continuation module further investigates rule-based systems, focusing on advanced concepts and applications. Students will explore complex rule interactions, conflict resolution strategies, and optimization techniques for enhancing system performance. The module will present case studies of sophisticated rule-based systems in various industries, demonstrating the practical challenges and solutions. Learners will also engage in designing and implementing their rule-based systems, applying the concepts learned to solve real-world problems effectively.

  • Lecture - 18 Semantic Net
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces semantic networks as a means of knowledge representation. Students will learn about the structure and components of semantic nets, including nodes, arcs, and their roles in representing information. The module will cover how semantic nets are used to model associative relationships and hierarchies, providing a basis for understanding natural language processing and machine learning applications. Through practical examples, learners will gain insights into the advantages and limitations of semantic networks in representing knowledge and their role in AI systems.

  • Lecture - 19 Reasoning in Semantic Net
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module focuses on reasoning within semantic networks, examining techniques for inferring new information from existing data. Students will explore methods such as inheritance, spreading activation, and path-finding algorithms. Through interactive exercises, learners will practice applying these techniques to solve reasoning problems and enhance their understanding of how semantic networks function in AI systems. The module will also discuss the challenges and solutions associated with reasoning in semantic networks, preparing students to implement these concepts in practical situations.

  • Lecture - 20 Frames
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module covers the concept of frames, a structured representation of stereotypical situations used in artificial intelligence. Students will learn about the structure of frames, including slots, fillers, and default values, and how they are employed to model complex objects and scenarios. The module will explore the application of frames in various AI domains, such as natural language understanding and expert systems. Through examples and exercises, learners will gain practical experience in designing and implementing frame-based systems, understanding their benefits and limitations.

  • Lecture - 21 Planning - 1
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module marks the beginning of a comprehensive exploration of planning in artificial intelligence. Students will be introduced to the fundamentals of planning, including the definition of planning problems, state spaces, and the role of search techniques. The module will also cover the representation of actions and goals, providing a foundation for understanding how AI systems develop strategies to achieve desired outcomes. Through case studies and exercises, learners will explore various planning algorithms and understand their practical applications in real-world scenarios.

  • Lecture - 22 Planning - 2
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module continues the exploration of planning in AI, focusing on more advanced concepts and techniques. Students will delve into partial-order planning, understanding how it differs from other planning approaches and its advantages in dealing with complex tasks. The module will cover the representation of temporal constraints and the use of heuristics to optimize planning processes. Through interactive exercises, learners will practice implementing partial-order plans and gain insights into their application in dynamic and uncertain environments.

  • Lecture - 23 Planning - 3
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module delves deeper into planning systems, exploring the intricacies of planning under uncertainty. Students will learn about probabilistic planning methods, including Markov decision processes and decision-theoretic planning. The module will also cover the challenges associated with uncertainty in planning and strategies to mitigate them. Through case studies and practical exercises, learners will develop the skills needed to design and implement planning systems capable of handling uncertainty in real-world applications.

  • Lecture - 24 Planning - 4
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module concludes the comprehensive study of planning in AI, focusing on the integration of learning and planning. Students will explore how machine learning techniques can be applied to enhance planning processes, learning from past experiences to improve future decision-making. The module will cover topics like reinforcement learning and adaptive planning strategies, highlighting their applications and benefits. Through practical examples and exercises, learners will gain experience in designing AI systems that integrate learning and planning to achieve optimal performance in dynamic environments.

  • Lecture - 25 Rule Based Expart System
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module focuses on Rule-Based Expert Systems, which are designed to emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert. It will cover:

    • The architecture of rule-based systems.
    • How to define and manage rules effectively.
    • Inference engines and their role in problem-solving.
    • Applications of expert systems in various domains.

    By the end of this module, students will have a clear understanding of how rule-based systems operate and their significance in AI.

  • Lecture - 26 Reasoning with Uncertainty - I
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module delves into reasoning with uncertainty, a crucial aspect of artificial intelligence. Key topics include:

    • The nature of uncertainty in AI.
    • Bayesian reasoning and its applications.
    • Techniques for modeling uncertain knowledge.
    • Case studies demonstrating uncertainty handling.

    Students will learn to apply these techniques to real-world problems, enhancing their analytic capabilities in uncertain environments.

  • Lecture - 27 Reasoning with Uncertainty - II
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module continues the exploration of reasoning with uncertainty, building on concepts introduced in previous lectures. It covers:

    • Advanced Bayesian networks and their complexities.
    • Conditional probabilities and their significance.
    • Graphical models for representing uncertain information.
    • Applications of these methods in real-world scenarios.

    By the end of this module, students will be adept at applying advanced uncertainty reasoning techniques to practical problems.

  • Lecture - 28 Reasoning with Uncertainty III
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces further concepts in reasoning with uncertainty, focusing on:

    • Various models for uncertain reasoning, including Dempster-Shafer theory.
    • Comparative analysis of different uncertainty handling techniques.
    • Real-world applications of uncertain reasoning in AI.

    Students will gain insights into how these methodologies can enhance AI systems' decision-making capabilities in uncertain situations.

  • Lecture - 29 Reasoning with Uncertainty - IV
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module concludes the series on reasoning with uncertainty, discussing:

    • Integration of uncertainty reasoning within broader AI systems.
    • Challenges faced when implementing these systems.
    • Future directions in the field of uncertain reasoning.

    Students will be equipped with knowledge to tackle real challenges in AI that involve uncertainty and its management.

  • Lecture - 30 Fuzzy Reasoning - I
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces fuzzy reasoning, a method for dealing with imprecise information. Key topics include:

    • The principles of fuzzy logic and its applications.
    • Fuzzy sets and their characteristics.
    • How fuzzy reasoning differs from traditional binary logic.
    • Case studies illustrating fuzzy reasoning in real-world scenarios.

    Students will learn how to apply fuzzy reasoning techniques to enhance decision-making processes in uncertain environments.

  • Lecture - 31 Fuzzy Reasoning - II
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module continues the examination of fuzzy reasoning, focusing on:

    • Advanced fuzzy logic systems and their design.
    • Fuzzy rules and their applications in various fields.
    • Comparative analysis between fuzzy logic and traditional methods.

    Students will gain a deeper understanding of how fuzzy logic can be utilized in practical AI applications for improved outcomes.

  • Lecture - 32 Introduction to Learning - I
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module provides an introduction to learning in AI, covering essential concepts such as:

    • The different types of learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.
    • Key algorithms used in machine learning.
    • The importance of data quality and preprocessing.

    Students will learn foundational knowledge that serves as a basis for more advanced topics in machine learning.

  • Lecture - 33 Introduction to Learning - II
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module builds on the introduction to learning by focusing on:

    • Advanced techniques in supervised learning.
    • Evaluation metrics for assessing learning models.
    • Practical applications of supervised learning.

    Students will develop skills to implement and evaluate supervised learning models effectively.

  • Lecture - 34 Rule Induction and Decision Trees - I
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module focuses on rule induction and decision trees, key components of machine learning. It covers:

    • The process of rule induction and its significance in AI.
    • Building and interpreting decision trees.
    • Practical applications and case studies using decision trees.

    Students will learn how to construct and utilize decision trees for data-driven decision-making processes.

  • Lecture - 35 Rule Induction and Decision Trees - II
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module continues the exploration of rule induction and decision trees, focusing on:

    • Refinement techniques for improving decision trees.
    • Handling overfitting and underfitting in models.
    • Comparative analysis of decision tree algorithms.

    Students will gain insights into best practices for developing robust decision tree models that generalize well.

  • Lecture - 36 Leavning Using neural Networks - I
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces learning using neural networks, a powerful approach in AI. Topics include:

    • The architecture of neural networks and their components.
    • Training techniques and backpropagation algorithms.
    • Applications of neural networks in various fields.

    Students will develop the skills needed to create and train neural networks for diverse applications in AI.

  • Lecture - 37 Learning Using Neural Networks - II
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module delves into the fascinating world of neural networks, focusing on advanced learning techniques. Students will explore:

    • The architecture of neural networks and their components.
    • Backpropagation and its role in training neural networks.
    • Common types of neural networks, including convolutional and recurrent networks.
    • Applications of neural networks in various domains such as image recognition and natural language processing.
    • Challenges in training and optimizing neural networks.

    By the end of this module, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how neural networks learn from data and the intricacies involved in their design and implementation.

  • Lecture - 38 Probabilistic Learning
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module introduces students to probabilistic learning methods, emphasizing the importance of uncertainty in data analysis. Key topics include:

    • Understanding probability theory and its relevance to machine learning.
    • Bayesian learning principles and how they inform decision making.
    • Utilizing probabilistic models to handle uncertain information.
    • Applications of probabilistic learning in real-world scenarios, such as recommendation systems and predictive analytics.
    • Comparative analysis of probabilistic versus deterministic learning approaches.

    Students will learn to implement probabilistic models and appreciate their significance in designing intelligent systems that operate under uncertainty.

  • Lecture - 39 Natural Language Processing - I
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module provides an introduction to the fundamentals of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Students will explore:

    • The key concepts and challenges in processing human language.
    • Techniques for text analysis, including tokenization and stemming.
    • Natural language understanding and generation processes.
    • Applications of NLP in chatbots, sentiment analysis, and translation services.
    • The role of machine learning in enhancing NLP capabilities.

    By the end of this module, students will understand how computers can interpret and generate human language, paving the way for advanced applications in AI.

  • Lecture - 40 Natural Language Processing II
    Prof. S. Sarkar, Prof. Anupam Basu

    This module continues the exploration of Natural Language Processing (NLP) with a focus on advanced techniques and applications. Students will examine:

    • Deep learning approaches for NLP tasks, including recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and transformers.
    • Advanced techniques for language modeling and text generation.
    • Applications of NLP in machine translation and information retrieval.
    • Ethical considerations and challenges in deploying NLP technologies.
    • Future trends in NLP research and development.

    Through hands-on projects, students will implement advanced NLP solutions, enhancing their understanding of the technology's potential and limitations.