sp3 Hybridized Orbitals and Sigma Bonds.
Representing Structures of Organic Molecules.
Correction - 2-Propylheptane should never be the name!
Double Newman Diagram for Methcyclohexane.
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System for Naming Enantiomers.
R,S (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) Naming System Example 2.
Stereoisomers, Enantiomers, Diastereomers, Constitutional Isomers and Meso Compounds.
Cis-Trans and E-Z Naming Scheme for Alkenes.
Entgegen-Zusammen Naming Scheme for Alkenes Examples.
Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms. Addition reaction to an alkene.
Markovnikov's Rule and Carbocations. Figuring out which addition reaction is more likely.
Nucleophilicity vs. Basicity . The difference between what it means to be a nucleophile and a base.
Amine continuing to act as nucleophile to generate more products.
Acetic Acid to Acetyl Chloride mechanism. Can be generalized to forming any acid halide from a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives - Amides, Anhydrides, Esters and Acyl Chlorides.
Relative Stability of Amides Esters Anhydrides and Acyl Chlorides