Lecture

Paradise XXIV, XXV and XXVI

This module covers the examination of the theological virtues in the Heaven of the Fixed Stars. The pilgrim's encounters with the apostles highlight the complexities of faith, hope, and love within Dante's theological framework.

Key discussion points include:

  • The role of St. Peter, St. James, and St. John in the examination of the theological virtues.
  • The relationship between faith, hope, and love as presented in Dante's narrative.
  • Dante's profession of faith as a reflection of the intersection between reason and belief.

Course Lectures
  • Introduction to Dante
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This introductory module sets the stage for understanding Dante's life and works. Students are introduced to the overall structure and significance of the Divine Comedy, including its classification as a romance, epic, or vision.

    Key topics include:

    • The historical context of Dante's early career and subsequent exile.
    • The impact of personal and political circumstances on his writing.
    • The role of exile in shaping Dante’s poetic intentions.
  • Vita Nuovo
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This module delves into the Vita Nuova, Dante's autobiographical work that reflects on his dual journey of love and poetry. The exploration of Dante's affection for Beatrice serves as a catalyst for his poetic development.

    Topics covered include:

    • Theories of medieval love and their influence on Dante's writing style.
    • The relationship between love and knowledge, highlighting its significance in Dante's overarching narrative.
    • The connections between the Vita Nuova and the themes present in the Divine Comedy.
  • Inferno I, II, III and IV
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This lecture focuses on the initial cantos of Inferno, introducing students to Dante's intricate poetic style and thematic content. The unique duality of the poet-pilgrim's voice is highlighted as he embarks on his journey through Hell.

    Key aspects of this module include:

    • Reading and analysis of the first four cantos of Inferno.
    • Exploration of the classical influences on Dante's work and his literary predecessors.
    • The intricate relationship between love, knowledge, will, and intellect as introduced in these cantos.
  • Inferno V, VI and VII
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This module delves into cantos V through VII of Inferno, examining significant themes such as lust, gluttony, and the consequences of poetic ambition. The exploration of Limbo sets the stage for understanding Dante’s critique of human desires.

    Key points addressed include:

    • The nature of Limbo and the poets who inhabit it, drawing connections to the classical tradition.
    • The tragic tale of Francesca da Rimini and the dangers of conflating romance with reality.
    • Dante's critique of the "body politic" in relation to the sins of gluttony and its impact on society.
  • Inferno XII, XIII, XV and XVI
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This lecture examines the middle sections of Inferno (cantos XII-XVI), focusing on the theme of violence and encounters with hybrid creatures that populate this zone of Hell. Dante's literary context is explored through his encounters with notable characters.

    Focus areas include:

    • The introduction of hybrid creatures and their symbolic importance in Dante's narrative.
    • A close reading of the encounter with Pier delle Vigne and its literary implications.
    • The critique of humanistic values as portrayed in the circle of sodomy.
  • Inferno XIX, XXI, XXV and XXVI
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This module centers on cantos XIX, XXI, XXV, and XXVI of Inferno, scrutinizing the complexities of sin and prophecy. The historical context of simony is analyzed, along with the interplay between prophecy and poetic hubris.

    Students will consider:

    • The sin of simony and its implications within the religious and political spheres.
    • Dante's reflections on poetic ambition and the consequences it bears.
    • The tragic reinterpretation of Ulysses' journey and its alignment with Dante's own poetic quests.
  • Inferno XXVI, XXVII and XXVIII
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This lecture focuses on cantos XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII of Inferno. The module examines Dante's exploration of false counsel and the principle of contrapasso, emphasizing the intricate relationship between rhetoric and politics.

    Key themes include:

    • The ambivalent nature of Ulysses' sin and its significance in Dante's journey.
    • Bertran de Born's role in illustrating the law of retribution.
    • Connections between classical and contemporary theories of justice and punishment.
  • This module covers the final cantos of Inferno (XXX-XXXIV), emphasizing the tragic resolution of Dante's narrative. The descent into treachery is highlighted through the characters' distorted speech, culminating in the silence of Satan.

    Key components of this lecture include:

    • The role of tragedy in shaping the overall message of the Divine Comedy.
    • The significance of language and its disintegration reflecting the pilgrim's descent.
    • The transition from Hell to the shores of Mount Purgatory, marking a pivotal shift in the narrative.
  • Purgatory I and II
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This lecture introduces Purgatory, exploring its topography and moral framework in contrast to Hell. The complexities of freedom are examined through Dante's choice of Cato as the guardian of Purgatory.

    Topics include:

    • The symbolic significance of Cato’s character in understanding freedom.
    • The nature of Ante-purgatory and the penitent souls who inhabit it.
    • Dante's exploration of the past and its impact on personal redemption.
  • Purgatory V, VI, IX, X
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This lecture covers Purgatory V, VI, IX, and X, revisiting the theme of freedom while highlighting Dante's interactions with historical and poetic figures. The transition from ante-Purgatory to Purgatory proper is emphasized.

    Key discussion points include:

    • The critique of genealogical bonds through Buonconte da Montefeltro's narrative.
    • The significance of civic ancestry in the context of mutual affection.
    • The moral and poetic structure of Purgatory, particularly on the terrace of pride.
  • This module transitions from the terrace of pride to the terrace of wrath, discussing the theological implications of pride and the interplay between art and morality in Dante's works.

    Students will examine:

    • The theological exploration of pride and its artistic representations.
    • The speech of Marco Lombardo on divine foreknowledge and human freedom.
    • Dante's notion of creation and its convergence at the poem's numerical center.
  • Purgatory XIX, XXI and XXII
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This lecture deals with Purgatory XIX, XXI, and XXII, focusing on the relationship between imagination and intellectual discovery. The pilgrim's dream warns against the pitfalls of aesthetics while highlighting poetry's transformative power.

    Key points include:

    • The siren dream and its implications for the nature of aesthetics.
    • The transformative potential of poetry as evidenced in Statius's encounter with Virgil.
    • The duality of imagination as both a path to discovery and potential distraction.
  • This module features guest lecturer Professor David Lummus discussing Purgatory XXIV-XXVI, where the poet's encounters with Italian love lyric masters reveal the Comedy's profound treatment of poetics.

    Major themes include:

    • The distinctions between Dante's youthful poetic style and the courtly love tradition.
    • The significance of his encounters with Bonagiunta and Guido Guinizelli.
    • The exploration of paternity and filiation through poetic genealogy.
  • Purgatory XXX, XXXI and XXXIII
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This module examines Dante's portrayal of the Earthly Paradise at Mount Purgatory's summit, focusing on the relationship between freedom, temptation, and continuous growth in the pilgrim's journey.

    Discussion points include:

    • The significance of Virgil's teachings and the climactic encounter with Beatrice.
    • The notion of freedom as a process rather than a finality.
    • How Dante’s experiences in the Earthly Paradise prepare the soul for the journey into Paradise.
  • Paradise I and II
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This introductory lecture to Paradise highlights the Ptolemaic structure of Dante's cosmos and the roles of Beatrice and St. Bernard of Clairvaux in guiding the pilgrim's journey toward the Beatific Vision.

    Key elements include:

    • The cosmos and the arts/sciences associated with its celestial spheres.
    • Beatrice's role as a teacher compared to St. Bernard’s role.
    • The integration of mythological and Christian figures as precursors to Dante's poetic journey.
  • Paradise IV, VI and X
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This module investigates key cantos of Paradise (IV, VI, X), exploring the relationship between intellect and will through Dante's theological inquiries. The encounters with historical figures provide insights into Dante's philosophical stance.

    Major topics include:

    • The significance of Piccarda's fate and its implications for will and intellect.
    • Dante's exploration of political themes through Justinian's historical account.
    • The wisdom of St. Thomas and St. Bonaventure as reflections of intellectual and spiritual enlightenment.
  • Paradise XI and XII
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This module continues the exploration of the Heaven of the Sun, where St. Thomas and St. Bonaventure offer praise to their respective orders. The interplay of faith and reason is investigated through their dialogues.

    Key discussion points include:

    • The chiasmic structure of the cantos and its significance.
    • The lives and teachings of St. Francis and St. Dominic as reflections of their orders.
    • Critique of worldly values through the lens of "ludic theology."
  • Paradise XV, XVI and XVII
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This module focuses on the cantos of Cacciaguida, highlighting the relationship between history, self, and exile. Dante's genealogical reflections demonstrate how personal history influences the poet's narrative journey.

    Key themes include:

    • The transition from epic grandeur to localized historiography.
    • The interplay between myth and personal history as it relates to exile.
    • The narrative's alignment with the broader historical context of Dante's time.
  • This module analyzes cantos XVIII, XIX, XXI, and XXII, where Dante navigates the themes of justice and redemption through the perspectives of righteous rulers and contemplative spirits. The contrasting views of morality are explored.

    Topics include:

    • The symbolism of the eagle in the Heaven of Jupiter and its implications for divine justice.
    • The contemplative spirits' perspectives on life and morality in the Heaven of Saturn.
    • Dante's evolving understanding of justice as he ascends to the Fixed Stars.
  • Paradise XXIV, XXV and XXVI
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This module covers the examination of the theological virtues in the Heaven of the Fixed Stars. The pilgrim's encounters with the apostles highlight the complexities of faith, hope, and love within Dante's theological framework.

    Key discussion points include:

    • The role of St. Peter, St. James, and St. John in the examination of the theological virtues.
    • The relationship between faith, hope, and love as presented in Dante's narrative.
    • Dante's profession of faith as a reflection of the intersection between reason and belief.
  • This lecture analyzes the themes of papal authority and historical reflection in Paradise XXVII, XXVIII, and XXIX. The pilgrim's encounters reveal the complex relationship between Dante's vision and the Church's moral standing.

    Key elements include:

    • The critique of the papacy through St. Peter's invective against contemporary authorities.
    • Dante's reflections on Ulysses, drawing parallels to his own journey.
    • The convergence of metaphysics and theology in the pilgrim's ascension.
  • This final module covers the concluding cantos of Paradise (XXX-XXXIII), where the pilgrim reaches the Empyrean. The themes of divine light, unity, and the culmination of Dante's journey toward God are explored.

    Key topics of discussion include:

    • The welcoming of Dante into the Heavenly Jerusalem and the symbolism of the celestial rose.
    • The merging of pastoral and civic imagery in Dante's final vision.
    • The exploration of oppositional harmony and the ultimate success of Dante's pilgrimage.
  • General Review
    Giuseppe Mazzotta

    This final class recaps the semester's exploration of Dante's works. Students will engage in a question-and-answer session that allows for deeper discussion on themes related to love, exile, ethics, and Dante's dual role as poet and theologian.

    Key components include:

    • A review of the major themes covered in the course.
    • Opportunities for students to clarify concepts and debate interpretations.
    • Insights into Dante's significance in the medieval literary tradition.